Measure for Measure as a Dark Comedy
“Measure for Measure” is
considered as a dark comedy of Shakespeare. It is full of corruption,
bitterness and cynicism. A dark comedy is pervaded by a gloom. It is still a
play with a happy ending; and it contains also several comic scenes and
interludes; but the comic elements in such a play are pushed into the
background by the tone and atmosphere of seriousness and gravity. Despite the
comic elements, such a play seems to have been written in a pessimistic and
even cynical mood.
“Measure for Measure” presents the picture of the
rotten, corrupt and immoral society of Vienna, a society where people are so depraved and degenerated
that even a brother does not feel hesitant to prostitute his sister and where
women do not hesitate to use chastity as bait to entrap lovers. The play
unfolds the dark, hidden, pernicious and despicable aspects of human character.
With these dark sides of human character dealt with, the play ceases to be a
comedy and becomes graver and more serious than a tragedy. So the phrase “dark comedy” rightly categorizes
the play. An attempt is made below to present some textual
situations to justify the label “dark comedy” for the play, Measure for Measure”.
The play begins with a mysterious note that
generates a sense of gloom among the readers. Soon the play opens we come to
know that the Duke wants to leave the country but he does not state why and
where he will go. The social condition of the city suburbs where Mrs. Overdone and Pompey live shocks the reader.
Mrs. Overdone is a prostitute living, an inhuman existence for want of
customers due to war, plague, and poverty. Claudiois arrested and awarded death penalty because of making a
young maiden pregnant without marrying her. The arrest of Claudio and his death
penalty not only shock the people but also terrify them. According to the text,
like Claudio and others also committed such crimes in the past, but they were
not punished. Claudio is the first man to be punished to death for making an
unmarried woman pregnant. Thus the beginning of the play presents the decayed
condition of Viennese society.
Claudio’s moral degradation is
not limited only to making a young unmarried woman pregnant. His filthiness
reaches the height when he tells his sister Isabella to agree to satisfy Angelo’s sexual lust to save his
life. We lose words to estimate this hateful man who tries to prostitute his
own sister for his interest. The play is further darkened by Isabella’s and
Mariana’s roles. Isabella agrees to satisfy Angelo’s sexual lust but sends in
her place Mariana to do the same with Angelo. She saves her virginity at the
cost of Mariana’s. The reader is further shocked at her silence when the Duke proposes to marry her
although she is training to be a nun.
Mariana uses her chastity
as a bait to entrap her former lover Angelo and thus to force him to marry her. This is obviously
a mischievous plan which cannot be supported on any moral standard. Lucio is another morally depraved
character which reveals the dark side of Viennese society.
From the beginning to the end of
the play a tragic vein engulfs the audience. Human nature in the play has been
depicted in a most unflattering and colorless light. Considering all these
aspects of the play we can say that “Measure for Measure” is truly a dark comedy.
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