Characterisation is one of the interesting areas in Dickens's novels and this is also true for Great Expectations. Dickens here presents a vast gallery of characters with different propensities and desires. The success of Dickens lies in his ability to attach social and moral significance in the activities of each of these characters.

Art of Characterisation in “Great Expectations”:

Although Dickens depicts a number of characters, the central attraction of the novel is the growth of Pip from childhood to maturity. The 'Great Expectations' of the title is basically the 'great expectations' of Pip. Pip is born and grown up in hostile circumstances, which offer him nothing but a sense of insecurity and helplessness. He is in such a position from which he wants an escape route. Again, as a sensitive boy, he is hurt by Estella's scorns for being "a common labouring-boy". All these rouses his "great expectations", which means becoming a wealthy and fashionable gentleman. The novel portrays how money debases him, as he cuts off his connection with Mr. Joe, and Biddy and runs after Estella. Finally, he is brought back to normality by the revelation that his real benefactor is the convict Magwitch. Thus Pip's character is an example of how a harsh and rude society works on an individual.

Dickens's characterisation is full of depth and variety. Thus, Herbert Pocket has very little money, but he is a gentleman. He teaches Pip elegant table manners, but he reminds him that manners are meaningless unless they derive from sound moral principles. Wemmick has two distinct personalities: a cool professional while under Jaggers, but a passionate man while in the family. Magwitch's character is a reminder of the social injustice. Although, he is a convict, he possesses a passionate heart. Orlick, on the other hand, is a bad character, who takes delight in doing evil.

Dickens has portrayed some characters with special mental propensities. Thus, Miss Havisham is a lonely woman who wants to freeze the time and uses Estella to break the heart of her male lovers. Estella herself possesses a stony heart where genuine love is a forbidden word. Jaggers will not take a single step beyond his professional boundary. Nevertheless, all three characters seem to show some sign of humanity. Both Havisham and Estella can know their mistakes. There is also a benevolent heart behind Jaggers's professional coolness.

Dickens portrays some minor characters who are simple and usually do not change throughout the novel. Joe and Biddy are embodiment of goodness. Joe is eternally kind and faithful. On the other hand, Mrs. Gargery is a nagging wife. Pumblechook is a cunning character, who claims himself as Pip's first benefactor.

Dickenss show considerable strength in his art of characterization. Some of his characters respond to the external circumstances, some not. These characters are remarkable for their energy and vitality.

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