"Speech on the East India Bill" and Burke’s Attitude to India
Edmund
Burke’s "Speech on the East India Bill" is a critique of the repression and
tyranny caused by the British colonial rule over India. The rule of East India
Company turned to be a tyrannous one. The treachery and fraudulence of the
Company took the country on the verge of destruction. The suffering of the
people and attitude of the Company shocked him deeply. He thinks that
parliament should intervene and the reforms should be made for the sake of
humanity, justice and principles of true policy.
Burke
is a great political philosopher and he is impressed with the vastness, size
and huge cultural varieties and rich traditions the Indian empire. The vast
mass of India is composed of so many orders and classes of men, infinitely
diversified by manners, by religion, by hereditary employment, through all
their possible combinations.
Burke
makes an inquiry regarding the number the quality and description of the
inhabitants of India. There have been princes once of great dignity, authority
and opulence. There are to be found the chiefs of tribes and nations. There are
to be found and ancient and venerable priesthood, the depository of their laws,
learning and history, nobility of great antiquity and renown; a multitude of
cities merchants and bankers, individual houses of whom have once vied in
capital with the Bank of England.
As
to emphasize the importance of India, Burke compares India as the nearest
parallel with the empire of Germany. He also compares it with the Austrian
dominions. He found the Nabob of Oude equal to the King of Prussia. India is an
empire of highly complicated nature, of great dignity and importance. Burke
wanted to awaken something of sympathy for the unfortunate natives. But the
East India Company failed utterly in this regard. They looked at the native
Indians as a very remote object through a false and cloudy medium. As a
consequence, it becomes difficult and delicate to handle the administration of
India.
After
describing the vast territory of India, Burke draws the attention of the
members of parliament to the attitude, atrocity and oppression of the east
India Company towards the Indians. Burke feels shocked to see the natives of
India to be ruined by the hypocrisy of the Company.
In
his Speech on the East India Bill, he presents the sufferings of the Indians at
the hands of those who govern India. As for example, Burke narrated the horrifying
misfortunes of the Shah Alam, Shuja al-Daula and so on. Shuja al-Daula’s head
was cut off and delivered form money to a barbarian. His wife and children were
seen begging handful of rice through the English camp. The whole nation was
massacred and the country was damaged by the invasion and turned into a dreary
desert and jungles.
In
fine, Burke’s attitude to India is based on his deep humanitarian love and
sympathy. The monopoly of the East India Company and Hastings’s tyrannous rule
not only goes beyond the limit of brutality and political norms but also rises
questions about the supremacy of the British Monarchy and Parliament.
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